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    * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
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    * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
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   *
   * This software consists of voluntary contributions made by many
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  package org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.io;
  
  import java.net.ConnectException;
  import java.net.InetAddress;
  import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
  import java.net.Socket;
  import java.net.SocketTimeoutException;
  import java.util.Arrays;
  import java.util.Collections;
  import java.util.List;
  import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
  
  import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocket;
  
  import org.apache.hc.client5.http.ConnectTimeoutException;
  import org.apache.hc.client5.http.DnsResolver;
  import org.apache.hc.client5.http.HttpHostConnectException;
  import org.apache.hc.client5.http.SchemePortResolver;
  import org.apache.hc.client5.http.UnsupportedSchemeException;
  import org.apache.hc.client5.http.config.TlsConfig;
  import org.apache.hc.client5.http.io.DetachedSocketFactory;
  import org.apache.hc.client5.http.io.ManagedHttpClientConnection;
  import org.apache.hc.client5.http.protocol.HttpClientContext;
  import org.apache.hc.client5.http.ssl.TlsSocketStrategy;
  import org.apache.hc.core5.http.HttpHost;
  import org.apache.hc.core5.http.config.Lookup;
  import org.apache.hc.core5.http.io.SocketConfig;
  import org.apache.hc.core5.http2.HttpVersionPolicy;
  import org.apache.hc.core5.util.TimeValue;
  import org.apache.hc.core5.util.Timeout;
  import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions;
  import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
  import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
  import org.mockito.Mockito;
  
  class TestHttpClientConnectionOperator {
  
      private ManagedHttpClientConnection conn;
      private Socket socket;
      private DetachedSocketFactory detachedSocketFactory;
      private TlsSocketStrategy tlsSocketStrategy;
      private Lookup<TlsSocketStrategy> tlsSocketStrategyLookup;
      private SchemePortResolver schemePortResolver;
      private DnsResolver dnsResolver;
      private DefaultHttpClientConnectionOperator connectionOperator;
  
      @BeforeEach
      void setup() {
          conn = Mockito.mock(ManagedHttpClientConnection.class);
          socket = Mockito.mock(Socket.class);
          detachedSocketFactory = Mockito.mock(DetachedSocketFactory.class);
          tlsSocketStrategy = Mockito.mock(TlsSocketStrategy.class);
          tlsSocketStrategyLookup = Mockito.mock(Lookup.class);
          schemePortResolver = Mockito.mock(SchemePortResolver.class);
          dnsResolver = Mockito.mock(DnsResolver.class);
          connectionOperator = new DefaultHttpClientConnectionOperator(
                  detachedSocketFactory, schemePortResolver, dnsResolver, tlsSocketStrategyLookup);
      }
  
      @Test
      void testConnect() throws Exception {
          final HttpClientContext context = HttpClientContext.create();
          final HttpHost host = new HttpHost("somehost");
          final InetAddress local = InetAddress.getByAddress(new byte[] {127, 0, 0, 0});
          final InetAddress ip1 = InetAddress.getByAddress(new byte[] {127, 0, 0, 1});
          final InetAddress ip2 = InetAddress.getByAddress(new byte[] {127, 0, 0, 2});
          final int port = 80;
          final List<InetSocketAddress> resolvedAddresses = Arrays.asList(
                  new InetSocketAddress(ip1, port),
                  new InetSocketAddress(ip2, port)
          );
          Mockito.when(dnsResolver.resolve("somehost", port)).thenReturn(resolvedAddresses);
 
         Mockito.when(schemePortResolver.resolve(host.getSchemeName(), host)).thenReturn(port);
         Mockito.when(detachedSocketFactory.create(Mockito.any(), Mockito.any())).thenReturn(socket);
 
         final SocketConfig socketConfig = SocketConfig.custom()
             .setSoKeepAlive(true)
             .setSoReuseAddress(true)
             .setSoTimeout(5000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
             .setTcpNoDelay(true)
             .setSoLinger(50, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
             .build();
         final InetSocketAddress localAddress = new InetSocketAddress(local, 0);
         connectionOperator.connect(conn, host, null, localAddress, Timeout.ofMilliseconds(123), socketConfig, null, context);
 
         Mockito.verify(socket).setKeepAlive(true);
         Mockito.verify(socket).setReuseAddress(true);
         Mockito.verify(socket).setSoTimeout(5000);
         Mockito.verify(socket).setSoLinger(true, 50);
         Mockito.verify(socket).setTcpNoDelay(true);
         Mockito.verify(socket).bind(localAddress);
 
         Mockito.verify(socket).connect(new InetSocketAddress(ip1, port), 123);
         Mockito.verify(conn, Mockito.times(2)).bind(socket);
     }
 
     @Test
     void testConnectWithTLSUpgrade() throws Exception {
         final HttpClientContext context = HttpClientContext.create();
         final HttpHost host = new HttpHost("https", "somehost");
         final InetAddress local = InetAddress.getByAddress(new byte[] {127, 0, 0, 0});
         final InetAddress ip1 = InetAddress.getByAddress(new byte[] {127, 0, 0, 1});
         final InetAddress ip2 = InetAddress.getByAddress(new byte[] {127, 0, 0, 2});
         final int port = 443;
 
         final TlsConfig tlsConfig = TlsConfig.custom()
                 .setHandshakeTimeout(Timeout.ofMilliseconds(345))
                 .setVersionPolicy(HttpVersionPolicy.FORCE_HTTP_1)
                 .build();
 
         final List<InetSocketAddress> resolvedAddresses = Arrays.asList(
                 new InetSocketAddress(ip1, port),
                 new InetSocketAddress(ip2, port)
         );
         Mockito.when(dnsResolver.resolve("somehost", port)).thenReturn(resolvedAddresses);
 
         Mockito.when(schemePortResolver.resolve(host.getSchemeName(), host)).thenReturn(port);
         Mockito.when(detachedSocketFactory.create(Mockito.any(), Mockito.any())).thenReturn(socket);
 
         Mockito.when(tlsSocketStrategyLookup.lookup("https")).thenReturn(tlsSocketStrategy);
         final SSLSocket upgradedSocket = Mockito.mock(SSLSocket.class);
         Mockito.when(tlsSocketStrategy.upgrade(
                 Mockito.same(socket),
                 Mockito.eq("somehost"),
                 Mockito.anyInt(),
                 Mockito.any(),
                 Mockito.any())).thenReturn(upgradedSocket);
 
         final InetSocketAddress localAddress = new InetSocketAddress(local, 0);
         connectionOperator.connect(conn, host, null, localAddress,
                 Timeout.ofMilliseconds(123), SocketConfig.DEFAULT, tlsConfig, context);
 
         Mockito.verify(socket).connect(new InetSocketAddress(ip1, port), 123);
         Mockito.verify(conn, Mockito.times(2)).bind(socket);
         Mockito.verify(tlsSocketStrategy).upgrade(socket, "somehost", -1, tlsConfig, context);
         Mockito.verify(conn, Mockito.times(1)).bind(upgradedSocket, socket);
     }
 
 
     @Test
     void testConnectTimeout() throws Exception {
         final HttpClientContext context = HttpClientContext.create();
         final HttpHost host = new HttpHost("somehost");
         final int port = 80;
         final InetAddress ip1 = InetAddress.getByAddress(new byte[] {10, 0, 0, 1});
         final InetAddress ip2 = InetAddress.getByAddress(new byte[] {10, 0, 0, 2});
         final List<InetSocketAddress> resolvedAddresses = Arrays.asList(
                 new InetSocketAddress(ip1, port),
                 new InetSocketAddress(ip2, port)
         );
         Mockito.when(dnsResolver.resolve("somehost", port)).thenReturn(resolvedAddresses);
         Mockito.when(schemePortResolver.resolve(host.getSchemeName(), host)).thenReturn(port);
         Mockito.when(detachedSocketFactory.create(Mockito.any(), Mockito.any())).thenReturn(socket);
         Mockito.doThrow(new SocketTimeoutException()).when(socket).connect(Mockito.any(), Mockito.anyInt());
         Assertions.assertThrows(ConnectTimeoutException.class, () ->
                 connectionOperator.connect(
                         conn, host, null, new InetSocketAddress(InetAddress.getLoopbackAddress(), 0),
                         Timeout.ofMilliseconds(1000), SocketConfig.DEFAULT, null, context));
     }
 
     @Test
     void testConnectFailure() throws Exception {
         final HttpClientContext context = HttpClientContext.create();
         final HttpHost host = new HttpHost("somehost");
         final InetAddress ip1 = InetAddress.getByAddress(new byte[] {10, 0, 0, 1});
         final InetAddress ip2 = InetAddress.getByAddress(new byte[] {10, 0, 0, 2});
         final int port = 80;
         final List<InetSocketAddress> resolvedAddresses = Arrays.asList(
                 new InetSocketAddress(ip1, port),
                 new InetSocketAddress(ip2, port)
         );
         Mockito.when(dnsResolver.resolve("somehost", port)).thenReturn(resolvedAddresses);
 
         Mockito.when(schemePortResolver.resolve(host.getSchemeName(), host)).thenReturn(port);
         Mockito.when(detachedSocketFactory.create(Mockito.any(), Mockito.any())).thenReturn(socket);
         Mockito.doThrow(new ConnectException()).when(socket).connect(Mockito.any(), Mockito.anyInt());
 
         Assertions.assertThrows(HttpHostConnectException.class, () ->
                 connectionOperator.connect(
                         conn, host, null, TimeValue.ofMilliseconds(1000), SocketConfig.DEFAULT, context));
     }
 
     @Test
     void testConnectFailover() throws Exception {
         final HttpClientContext context = HttpClientContext.create();
         final HttpHost host = new HttpHost("somehost");
         final InetAddress local = InetAddress.getByAddress(new byte[] {127, 0, 0, 0});
         final InetSocketAddress ipAddress1 = new InetSocketAddress(InetAddress.getByAddress(new byte[] {10, 0, 0, 1}), 80);
         final InetSocketAddress ipAddress2 = new InetSocketAddress(InetAddress.getByAddress(new byte[] {10, 0, 0, 2}), 80);
 
         Mockito.when(dnsResolver.resolve("somehost", 80)).thenReturn(Arrays.asList(ipAddress1, ipAddress2));
         Mockito.when(schemePortResolver.resolve(host.getSchemeName(), host)).thenReturn(80);
         Mockito.when(detachedSocketFactory.create(Mockito.any(), Mockito.any())).thenReturn(socket);
         Mockito.doThrow(new ConnectException()).when(socket).connect(
                 Mockito.eq(ipAddress1),
                 Mockito.anyInt());
 
         final InetSocketAddress localAddress = new InetSocketAddress(local, 0);
         final TlsConfig tlsConfig = TlsConfig.custom()
                 .build();
         connectionOperator.connect(conn, host, null, localAddress,
                 Timeout.ofMilliseconds(123), SocketConfig.DEFAULT, tlsConfig, context);
 
         Mockito.verify(socket, Mockito.times(2)).bind(localAddress);
         Mockito.verify(socket).connect(ipAddress2, 123);
         Mockito.verify(conn, Mockito.times(3)).bind(socket);
 
     }
 
     @Test
     void testConnectExplicitAddress() throws Exception {
         final HttpClientContext context = HttpClientContext.create();
         final InetAddress local = InetAddress.getByAddress(new byte[] {127, 0, 0, 0});
         final InetAddress ip = InetAddress.getByAddress(new byte[] {127, 0, 0, 23});
         final HttpHost host = new HttpHost(ip);
 
         Mockito.when(schemePortResolver.resolve(host.getSchemeName(), host)).thenReturn(80);
         Mockito.when(detachedSocketFactory.create(Mockito.any(), Mockito.any())).thenReturn(socket);
 
         final InetSocketAddress localAddress = new InetSocketAddress(local, 0);
         final TlsConfig tlsConfig = TlsConfig.custom()
                 .build();
         connectionOperator.connect(conn, host, null, localAddress,
                 Timeout.ofMilliseconds(123), SocketConfig.DEFAULT, tlsConfig, context);
 
         Mockito.verify(socket).bind(localAddress);
         Mockito.verify(socket).connect(new InetSocketAddress(ip, 80), 123);
         Mockito.verify(dnsResolver, Mockito.never()).resolve(Mockito.anyString(), Mockito.anyInt());
         Mockito.verify(conn, Mockito.times(2)).bind(socket);
     }
 
     @Test
     void testUpgrade() throws Exception {
         final HttpClientContext context = HttpClientContext.create();
         final HttpHost host = new HttpHost("https", "somehost", -1);
 
         Mockito.when(conn.isOpen()).thenReturn(true);
         Mockito.when(conn.getSocket()).thenReturn(socket);
         Mockito.when(tlsSocketStrategyLookup.lookup("https")).thenReturn(tlsSocketStrategy);
 
         final SSLSocket upgradedSocket = Mockito.mock(SSLSocket.class);
         Mockito.when(tlsSocketStrategy.upgrade(
                 Mockito.any(),
                 Mockito.eq("somehost"),
                 Mockito.anyInt(),
                 Mockito.eq(Timeout.ofMilliseconds(345)),
                 Mockito.any())).thenReturn(upgradedSocket);
 
         connectionOperator.upgrade(conn, host, null, Timeout.ofMilliseconds(345), context);
 
         Mockito.verify(conn).bind(Mockito.eq(upgradedSocket), Mockito.any());
     }
 
     @Test
     void testUpgradeUpsupportedScheme() {
         final HttpClientContext context = HttpClientContext.create();
         final HttpHost host = new HttpHost("httpsssss", "somehost", -1);
 
         Mockito.when(conn.isOpen()).thenReturn(true);
         Mockito.when(conn.getSocket()).thenReturn(socket);
 
         Assertions.assertThrows(UnsupportedSchemeException.class, () ->
                 connectionOperator.upgrade(conn, host, context));
     }
 
     @Test
     void testUpgradeNonLayeringScheme() {
         final HttpClientContext context = HttpClientContext.create();
         final HttpHost host = new HttpHost("http", "somehost", -1);
 
         Mockito.when(conn.isOpen()).thenReturn(true);
         Mockito.when(conn.getSocket()).thenReturn(socket);
 
         Assertions.assertThrows(UnsupportedSchemeException.class, () ->
                 connectionOperator.upgrade(conn, host, context));
     }
 
     @Test
     void testConnectWithDisableDnsResolution() throws Exception {
         final HttpClientContext context = HttpClientContext.create();
         final HttpHost host = new HttpHost("someonion.onion");
         final InetAddress local = InetAddress.getByAddress(new byte[]{127, 0, 0, 0});
         final int port = 80;
 
         final List<InetSocketAddress> resolvedAddresses = Collections.singletonList(
                 InetSocketAddress.createUnresolved(host.getHostName(), port)
         );
         Mockito.when(dnsResolver.resolve(host.getHostName(), port)).thenReturn(resolvedAddresses);
 
         Mockito.when(schemePortResolver.resolve(host.getSchemeName(), host)).thenReturn(port);
         Mockito.when(detachedSocketFactory.create(Mockito.any(), Mockito.any())).thenReturn(socket);
 
         final SocketConfig socketConfig = SocketConfig.custom()
                 .setSoKeepAlive(true)
                 .setSoReuseAddress(true)
                 .setSoTimeout(5000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
                 .setTcpNoDelay(true)
                 .setSoLinger(50, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
                 .build();
         final InetSocketAddress localAddress = new InetSocketAddress(local, 0);
         final InetSocketAddress remoteAddress = InetSocketAddress.createUnresolved(host.getHostName(), port);
 
         connectionOperator.connect(conn, host, null, localAddress, Timeout.ofMilliseconds(123), socketConfig, null, context);
 
         // Verify that the socket was created and attempted to connect without DNS resolution
         Mockito.verify(socket).setKeepAlive(true);
         Mockito.verify(socket).setReuseAddress(true);
         Mockito.verify(socket).setSoTimeout(5000);
         Mockito.verify(socket).setSoLinger(true, 50);
         Mockito.verify(socket).setTcpNoDelay(true);
         Mockito.verify(socket).bind(localAddress);
 
         Mockito.verify(socket).connect(remoteAddress, 123);
         Mockito.verify(conn, Mockito.times(2)).bind(socket);
         Mockito.verify(dnsResolver, Mockito.never()).resolve(Mockito.anyString());
     }
 
     @Test
     void testConnectWithDnsResolutionAndFallback() throws Exception {
         final HttpClientContext context = HttpClientContext.create();
         final HttpHost host = new HttpHost("fallbackhost.com");
         final InetAddress local = InetAddress.getByAddress(new byte[] {127, 0, 0, 0});
         final int port = 8080;
         final InetAddress ip1 = InetAddress.getByAddress(new byte[] {10, 0, 0, 1});
         final InetAddress ip2 = InetAddress.getByAddress(new byte[] {10, 0, 0, 2});
 
         // Update to match the new `resolve` implementation that returns a list of SocketAddress
         final List<InetSocketAddress> resolvedAddresses = Arrays.asList(
                 new InetSocketAddress(ip1, port),
                 new InetSocketAddress(ip2, port)
         );
         Mockito.when(dnsResolver.resolve("fallbackhost.com", port)).thenReturn(resolvedAddresses);
         Mockito.when(schemePortResolver.resolve(host.getSchemeName(), host)).thenReturn(port);
         Mockito.when(detachedSocketFactory.create(Mockito.any(), Mockito.any())).thenReturn(socket);
 
         // Simulate failure to connect to the first resolved address
         Mockito.doThrow(new ConnectException()).when(socket).connect(Mockito.eq(new InetSocketAddress(ip1, port)), Mockito.anyInt());
 
         final InetSocketAddress localAddress = new InetSocketAddress(local, 0);
         final SocketConfig socketConfig = SocketConfig.custom()
                 .setSoKeepAlive(true)
                 .setSoReuseAddress(true)
                 .setSoTimeout(5000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
                 .setTcpNoDelay(true)
                 .setSoLinger(50, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
                 .build();
 
         // Connect using the updated connection operator
         connectionOperator.connect(conn, host, null, localAddress, Timeout.ofMilliseconds(123), socketConfig, null, context);
 
         // Verify fallback behavior after connection failure to the first address
         Mockito.verify(socket, Mockito.times(2)).bind(localAddress);
         Mockito.verify(socket).connect(new InetSocketAddress(ip2, port), 123);
         Mockito.verify(conn, Mockito.times(3)).bind(socket);
     }
 }