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1   /*
2    * $HeadURL: https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/httpcomponents/oac.hc3x/trunk/src/java/org/apache/commons/httpclient/auth/DigestScheme.java $
3    * $Revision: 1425331 $
4    * $Date: 2012-12-22 18:29:41 +0000 (Sat, 22 Dec 2012) $
5    *
6    * ====================================================================
7    *
8    *  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
9    *  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
10   *  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
11   *  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
12   *  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
13   *  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
14   *
15   *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
16   *
17   *  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
18   *  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
19   *  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
20   *  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
21   *  limitations under the License.
22   * ====================================================================
23   *
24   * This software consists of voluntary contributions made by many
25   * individuals on behalf of the Apache Software Foundation.  For more
26   * information on the Apache Software Foundation, please see
27   * <http://www.apache.org/>.
28   *
29   */
30  
31  package org.apache.commons.httpclient.auth;
32  
33  import java.security.MessageDigest;
34  import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
35  import java.util.ArrayList;
36  import java.util.List;
37  import java.util.StringTokenizer;
38  
39  import org.apache.commons.httpclient.Credentials;
40  import org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClientError;
41  import org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpMethod;
42  import org.apache.commons.httpclient.NameValuePair;
43  import org.apache.commons.httpclient.UsernamePasswordCredentials;
44  import org.apache.commons.httpclient.util.EncodingUtil;
45  import org.apache.commons.httpclient.util.ParameterFormatter;
46  import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
47  import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
48  
49  /***
50   * <p>
51   * Digest authentication scheme as defined in RFC 2617.
52   * Both MD5 (default) and MD5-sess are supported.
53   * Currently only qop=auth or no qop is supported. qop=auth-int
54   * is unsupported. If auth and auth-int are provided, auth is
55   * used.
56   * </p>
57   * <p>
58   * Credential charset is configured via the 
59   * {@link org.apache.commons.httpclient.params.HttpMethodParams#CREDENTIAL_CHARSET credential
60   * charset} parameter.  Since the digest username is included as clear text in the generated 
61   * Authentication header, the charset of the username must be compatible with the 
62   * {@link org.apache.commons.httpclient.params.HttpMethodParams#HTTP_ELEMENT_CHARSET http element 
63   * charset}.
64   * </p>
65   * TODO: make class more stateful regarding repeated authentication requests
66   * 
67   * @author <a href="mailto:remm@apache.org">Remy Maucherat</a>
68   * @author Rodney Waldhoff
69   * @author <a href="mailto:jsdever@apache.org">Jeff Dever</a>
70   * @author Ortwin Gl?ck
71   * @author Sean C. Sullivan
72   * @author <a href="mailto:adrian@ephox.com">Adrian Sutton</a>
73   * @author <a href="mailto:mbowler@GargoyleSoftware.com">Mike Bowler</a>
74   * @author <a href="mailto:oleg@ural.ru">Oleg Kalnichevski</a>
75   */
76  
77  public class DigestScheme extends RFC2617Scheme {
78      
79      /*** Log object for this class. */
80      private static final Log LOG = LogFactory.getLog(DigestScheme.class);
81  
82      /***
83       * Hexa values used when creating 32 character long digest in HTTP DigestScheme
84       * in case of authentication.
85       * 
86       * @see #encode(byte[])
87       */
88      private static final char[] HEXADECIMAL = {
89          '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 
90          'e', 'f'
91      };
92      
93      /*** Whether the digest authentication process is complete */
94      private boolean complete;
95      
96      //TODO: supply a real nonce-count, currently a server will interprete a repeated request as a replay  
97      private static final String NC = "00000001"; //nonce-count is always 1
98      private static final int QOP_MISSING = 0;
99      private static final int QOP_AUTH_INT = 1;
100     private static final int QOP_AUTH = 2;
101 
102     private int qopVariant = QOP_MISSING;
103     private String cnonce;
104 
105     private final ParameterFormatter formatter;
106     /***
107      * Default constructor for the digest authetication scheme.
108      * 
109      * @since 3.0
110      */
111     public DigestScheme() {
112         super();
113         this.complete = false;
114         this.formatter = new ParameterFormatter();
115     }
116 
117     /***
118      * Gets an ID based upon the realm and the nonce value.  This ensures that requests
119      * to the same realm with different nonce values will succeed.  This differentiation
120      * allows servers to request re-authentication using a fresh nonce value.
121      * 
122      * @deprecated no longer used
123      */
124     public String getID() {
125         
126         String id = getRealm();
127         String nonce = getParameter("nonce");
128         if (nonce != null) {
129             id += "-" + nonce;
130         }
131         
132         return id;
133     }
134 
135     /***
136      * Constructor for the digest authetication scheme.
137      * 
138      * @param challenge authentication challenge
139      * 
140      * @throws MalformedChallengeException is thrown if the authentication challenge
141      * is malformed
142      * 
143      * @deprecated Use parameterless constructor and {@link AuthScheme#processChallenge(String)} 
144      *             method
145      */
146     public DigestScheme(final String challenge) 
147       throws MalformedChallengeException {
148         this();
149         processChallenge(challenge);
150     }
151 
152     /***
153      * Processes the Digest challenge.
154      *  
155      * @param challenge the challenge string
156      * 
157      * @throws MalformedChallengeException is thrown if the authentication challenge
158      * is malformed
159      * 
160      * @since 3.0
161      */
162     public void processChallenge(final String challenge) 
163       throws MalformedChallengeException {
164         super.processChallenge(challenge);
165         
166         if (getParameter("realm") == null) {
167             throw new MalformedChallengeException("missing realm in challange");
168         }
169         if (getParameter("nonce") == null) {
170             throw new MalformedChallengeException("missing nonce in challange");   
171         }
172         
173         boolean unsupportedQop = false;
174         // qop parsing
175         String qop = getParameter("qop");
176         if (qop != null) {
177             StringTokenizer tok = new StringTokenizer(qop,",");
178             while (tok.hasMoreTokens()) {
179                 String variant = tok.nextToken().trim();
180                 if (variant.equals("auth")) {
181                     qopVariant = QOP_AUTH;
182                     break; //that's our favourite, because auth-int is unsupported
183                 } else if (variant.equals("auth-int")) {
184                     qopVariant = QOP_AUTH_INT;               
185                 } else {
186                     unsupportedQop = true;
187                     LOG.warn("Unsupported qop detected: "+ variant);   
188                 }     
189             }
190         }        
191         
192         if (unsupportedQop && (qopVariant == QOP_MISSING)) {
193             throw new MalformedChallengeException("None of the qop methods is supported");   
194         }
195         
196         cnonce = createCnonce();   
197         this.complete = true;
198     }
199 
200     /***
201      * Tests if the Digest authentication process has been completed.
202      * 
203      * @return <tt>true</tt> if Digest authorization has been processed,
204      *   <tt>false</tt> otherwise.
205      * 
206      * @since 3.0
207      */
208     public boolean isComplete() {
209         String s = getParameter("stale");
210         if ("true".equalsIgnoreCase(s)) {
211             return false;
212         } else {
213             return this.complete;
214         }
215     }
216 
217     /***
218      * Returns textual designation of the digest authentication scheme.
219      * 
220      * @return <code>digest</code>
221      */
222     public String getSchemeName() {
223         return "digest";
224     }
225 
226     /***
227      * Returns <tt>false</tt>. Digest authentication scheme is request based.
228      * 
229      * @return <tt>false</tt>.
230      * 
231      * @since 3.0
232      */
233     public boolean isConnectionBased() {
234         return false;    
235     }
236 
237     /***
238      * Produces a digest authorization string for the given set of 
239      * {@link Credentials}, method name and URI.
240      * 
241      * @param credentials A set of credentials to be used for athentication
242      * @param method the name of the method that requires authorization. 
243      * @param uri The URI for which authorization is needed. 
244      * 
245      * @throws InvalidCredentialsException if authentication credentials
246      *         are not valid or not applicable for this authentication scheme
247      * @throws AuthenticationException if authorization string cannot 
248      *   be generated due to an authentication failure
249      * 
250      * @return a digest authorization string
251      * 
252      * @see org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpMethod#getName()
253      * @see org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpMethod#getPath()
254      * 
255      * @deprecated Use {@link #authenticate(Credentials, HttpMethod)}
256      */
257     public String authenticate(Credentials credentials, String method, String uri)
258       throws AuthenticationException {
259 
260         LOG.trace("enter DigestScheme.authenticate(Credentials, String, String)");
261 
262         UsernamePasswordCredentials usernamepassword = null;
263         try {
264             usernamepassword = (UsernamePasswordCredentials) credentials;
265         } catch (ClassCastException e) {
266             throw new InvalidCredentialsException(
267              "Credentials cannot be used for digest authentication: " 
268               + credentials.getClass().getName());
269         }
270         getParameters().put("methodname", method);
271         getParameters().put("uri", uri);
272         String digest = createDigest(
273             usernamepassword.getUserName(),
274             usernamepassword.getPassword());
275         return "Digest " + createDigestHeader(usernamepassword.getUserName(), digest);
276     }
277 
278     /***
279      * Produces a digest authorization string for the given set of 
280      * {@link Credentials}, method name and URI.
281      * 
282      * @param credentials A set of credentials to be used for athentication
283      * @param method The method being authenticated
284      * 
285      * @throws InvalidCredentialsException if authentication credentials
286      *         are not valid or not applicable for this authentication scheme
287      * @throws AuthenticationException if authorization string cannot 
288      *   be generated due to an authentication failure
289      * 
290      * @return a digest authorization string
291      * 
292      * @since 3.0
293      */
294     public String authenticate(Credentials credentials, HttpMethod method)
295     throws AuthenticationException {
296 
297         LOG.trace("enter DigestScheme.authenticate(Credentials, HttpMethod)");
298 
299         UsernamePasswordCredentials usernamepassword = null;
300         try {
301             usernamepassword = (UsernamePasswordCredentials) credentials;
302         } catch (ClassCastException e) {
303             throw new InvalidCredentialsException(
304                     "Credentials cannot be used for digest authentication: " 
305                     + credentials.getClass().getName());
306         }
307         getParameters().put("methodname", method.getName());
308         StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer(method.getPath());
309         String query = method.getQueryString();
310         if (query != null) {
311             if (query.indexOf("?") != 0) {
312                 buffer.append("?");
313             }
314             buffer.append(method.getQueryString());
315         }
316         getParameters().put("uri", buffer.toString());
317         String charset = getParameter("charset");
318         if (charset == null) {
319             getParameters().put("charset", method.getParams().getCredentialCharset());
320         }
321         String digest = createDigest(
322             usernamepassword.getUserName(),
323             usernamepassword.getPassword());
324         return "Digest " + createDigestHeader(usernamepassword.getUserName(),
325                 digest);
326     }
327     
328     /***
329      * Creates an MD5 response digest.
330      * 
331      * @param uname Username
332      * @param pwd Password
333      * @param charset The credential charset
334      * 
335      * @return The created digest as string. This will be the response tag's
336      *         value in the Authentication HTTP header.
337      * @throws AuthenticationException when MD5 is an unsupported algorithm
338      */
339     private String createDigest(final String uname, final String pwd) throws AuthenticationException {
340 
341         LOG.trace("enter DigestScheme.createDigest(String, String, Map)");
342 
343         final String digAlg = "MD5";
344 
345         // Collecting required tokens
346         String uri = getParameter("uri");
347         String realm = getParameter("realm");
348         String nonce = getParameter("nonce");
349         String qop = getParameter("qop");
350         String method = getParameter("methodname");
351         String algorithm = getParameter("algorithm");
352         // If an algorithm is not specified, default to MD5.
353         if (algorithm == null) {
354             algorithm = "MD5";
355         }
356         // If an charset is not specified, default to ISO-8859-1.
357         String charset = getParameter("charset");
358         if (charset == null) {
359             charset = "ISO-8859-1";
360         }
361 
362         if (qopVariant == QOP_AUTH_INT) {
363             LOG.warn("qop=auth-int is not supported");
364             throw new AuthenticationException(
365                 "Unsupported qop in HTTP Digest authentication");   
366         }
367 
368         MessageDigest md5Helper;
369 
370         try {
371             md5Helper = MessageDigest.getInstance(digAlg);
372         } catch (Exception e) {
373             throw new AuthenticationException(
374               "Unsupported algorithm in HTTP Digest authentication: "
375                + digAlg);
376         }
377 
378         // 3.2.2.2: Calculating digest
379         StringBuffer tmp = new StringBuffer(uname.length() + realm.length() + pwd.length() + 2);
380         tmp.append(uname);
381         tmp.append(':');
382         tmp.append(realm);
383         tmp.append(':');
384         tmp.append(pwd);
385         // unq(username-value) ":" unq(realm-value) ":" passwd
386         String a1 = tmp.toString();
387         //a1 is suitable for MD5 algorithm
388         if(algorithm.equals("MD5-sess")) {
389             // H( unq(username-value) ":" unq(realm-value) ":" passwd )
390             //      ":" unq(nonce-value)
391             //      ":" unq(cnonce-value)
392 
393             String tmp2=encode(md5Helper.digest(EncodingUtil.getBytes(a1, charset)));
394             StringBuffer tmp3 = new StringBuffer(tmp2.length() + nonce.length() + cnonce.length() + 2);
395             tmp3.append(tmp2);
396             tmp3.append(':');
397             tmp3.append(nonce);
398             tmp3.append(':');
399             tmp3.append(cnonce);
400             a1 = tmp3.toString();
401         } else if(!algorithm.equals("MD5")) {
402             LOG.warn("Unhandled algorithm " + algorithm + " requested");
403         }
404         String md5a1 = encode(md5Helper.digest(EncodingUtil.getBytes(a1, charset)));
405 
406         String a2 = null;
407         if (qopVariant == QOP_AUTH_INT) {
408             LOG.error("Unhandled qop auth-int");
409             //we do not have access to the entity-body or its hash
410             //TODO: add Method ":" digest-uri-value ":" H(entity-body)      
411         } else {
412             a2 = method + ":" + uri;
413         }
414         String md5a2 = encode(md5Helper.digest(EncodingUtil.getAsciiBytes(a2)));
415 
416         // 3.2.2.1
417         String serverDigestValue;
418         if (qopVariant == QOP_MISSING) {
419             LOG.debug("Using null qop method");
420             StringBuffer tmp2 = new StringBuffer(md5a1.length() + nonce.length() + md5a2.length());
421             tmp2.append(md5a1);
422             tmp2.append(':');
423             tmp2.append(nonce);
424             tmp2.append(':');
425             tmp2.append(md5a2);
426             serverDigestValue = tmp2.toString();
427         } else {
428             if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
429                 LOG.debug("Using qop method " + qop);
430             }
431             String qopOption = getQopVariantString();
432             StringBuffer tmp2 = new StringBuffer(md5a1.length() + nonce.length()
433                 + NC.length() + cnonce.length() + qopOption.length() + md5a2.length() + 5);
434             tmp2.append(md5a1);
435             tmp2.append(':');
436             tmp2.append(nonce);
437             tmp2.append(':');
438             tmp2.append(NC);
439             tmp2.append(':');
440             tmp2.append(cnonce);
441             tmp2.append(':');
442             tmp2.append(qopOption);
443             tmp2.append(':');
444             tmp2.append(md5a2); 
445             serverDigestValue = tmp2.toString();
446         }
447 
448         String serverDigest =
449             encode(md5Helper.digest(EncodingUtil.getAsciiBytes(serverDigestValue)));
450 
451         return serverDigest;
452     }
453 
454     /***
455      * Creates digest-response header as defined in RFC2617.
456      * 
457      * @param uname Username
458      * @param digest The response tag's value as String.
459      * 
460      * @return The digest-response as String.
461      */
462     private String createDigestHeader(final String uname, final String digest) 
463         throws AuthenticationException {
464 
465         LOG.trace("enter DigestScheme.createDigestHeader(String, Map, "
466             + "String)");
467 
468         String uri = getParameter("uri");
469         String realm = getParameter("realm");
470         String nonce = getParameter("nonce");
471         String opaque = getParameter("opaque");
472         String response = digest;
473         String algorithm = getParameter("algorithm");
474 
475         List params = new ArrayList(20);
476         params.add(new NameValuePair("username", uname));
477         params.add(new NameValuePair("realm", realm));
478         params.add(new NameValuePair("nonce", nonce));
479         params.add(new NameValuePair("uri", uri));
480         params.add(new NameValuePair("response", response));
481         
482         if (qopVariant != QOP_MISSING) {
483             params.add(new NameValuePair("qop", getQopVariantString()));
484             params.add(new NameValuePair("nc", NC));
485             params.add(new NameValuePair("cnonce", this.cnonce));
486         }
487         if (algorithm != null) {
488             params.add(new NameValuePair("algorithm", algorithm));
489         }    
490         if (opaque != null) {
491             params.add(new NameValuePair("opaque", opaque));
492         }
493 
494         StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
495         for (int i = 0; i < params.size(); i++) {
496             NameValuePair param = (NameValuePair) params.get(i);
497             if (i > 0) {
498                 buffer.append(", ");
499             }
500             boolean noQuotes = "nc".equals(param.getName()) ||
501                                "qop".equals(param.getName());
502             this.formatter.setAlwaysUseQuotes(!noQuotes);
503             this.formatter.format(buffer, param);
504         }
505         return buffer.toString();
506     }
507 
508     private String getQopVariantString() {
509         String qopOption;
510         if (qopVariant == QOP_AUTH_INT) {
511             qopOption = "auth-int";   
512         } else {
513             qopOption = "auth";
514         }
515         return qopOption;            
516     }
517 
518     /***
519      * Encodes the 128 bit (16 bytes) MD5 digest into a 32 characters long 
520      * <CODE>String</CODE> according to RFC 2617.
521      * 
522      * @param binaryData array containing the digest
523      * @return encoded MD5, or <CODE>null</CODE> if encoding failed
524      */
525     private static String encode(byte[] binaryData) {
526         LOG.trace("enter DigestScheme.encode(byte[])");
527 
528         if (binaryData.length != 16) {
529             return null;
530         } 
531 
532         char[] buffer = new char[32];
533         for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
534             int low = (int) (binaryData[i] & 0x0f);
535             int high = (int) ((binaryData[i] & 0xf0) >> 4);
536             buffer[i * 2] = HEXADECIMAL[high];
537             buffer[(i * 2) + 1] = HEXADECIMAL[low];
538         }
539 
540         return new String(buffer);
541     }
542 
543 
544     /***
545      * Creates a random cnonce value based on the current time.
546      * 
547      * @return The cnonce value as String.
548      * @throws HttpClientError if MD5 algorithm is not supported.
549      */
550     public static String createCnonce() {
551         LOG.trace("enter DigestScheme.createCnonce()");
552 
553         String cnonce;
554         final String digAlg = "MD5";
555         MessageDigest md5Helper;
556 
557         try {
558             md5Helper = MessageDigest.getInstance(digAlg);
559         } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
560             throw new HttpClientError(
561               "Unsupported algorithm in HTTP Digest authentication: "
562                + digAlg);
563         }
564 
565         cnonce = Long.toString(System.currentTimeMillis());
566         cnonce = encode(md5Helper.digest(EncodingUtil.getAsciiBytes(cnonce)));
567 
568         return cnonce;
569     }
570 }